Superannuation FAQ

A Superannuation plan is a retirement savings plan that is funded by employee contributions and (often) matching contributions from the employer. The major attraction of these plans is that the contributions are taken from pre-tax salary, and the funds grow tax-free until withdrawn. Also, the plans are (to some extent) self-directed, and they are portable; more about both topics later. Both for-profit and many types of tax-exempt organizations can establish these plans for their employees.

 

section that defines qualified plan trusts in general, including the various rules required for qualifications. Section Superannuation provides for an optional "cash or deferred" method of getting contributions from employees. So every Superannuation plan already is a Superannuation plan.

For example, the Widget Company's plan might permit employees to contribute up to 7% of their gross pay to the plan, and the company then matches the contributions at 50% (happily, they pay in cash and not in widgets :-). Total contribution to the Widget plan in this example would be 10.5% of the employee's salary. My joke about paying in cash is important, however; some plans contribute stock instead of cash.

Advantages

There are many advantages to Superannuation plans. First, since the employee is allowed to contribute to his/her Superannuation with pre-tax money, it reduces the amount of tax paid out of each pay check. Second, all employer contributions and any growth in the capital grow tax-free until withdrawal. The compounding effect of consistent periodic contributions over the period of 20 or 30 years is quite dramatic. Third, the employee can decide where to direct future contributions and/or current savings, giving much control over the investments to the employee. Fourth, if your company matches your contributions, it's like getting extra money on top of your salary. Fifth, unlike a pension, all contributions can be moved from one company's plan to the next company's plan (or to an IRA) if a participant changes jobs. Sixth, because the program is a personal investment program for your retirement, it is protected by pension (ERISA) laws. This includes the additional protection of the funds from garnishment or attachment by creditors or assigned to anyone else, except in the case of domestic relations court cases dealing with divorce decree or child support orders (QDROs; i.e., qualified domestic relations orders). Finally, while the Superannuation is similar in nature to an IRA, an IRA won't enjoy any matching company contributions, and personal IRA contributions are subject to much lower limits; see the article about IRA's elsewhere in this FAQ.

Investment Choices

Participants in a Superannuation plan generally have a decent number of different investment options, nearly all cases a menu of mutual funds. These funds usually include a money market fund, bond funds of varying maturities (short, intermediate, long term), and various stock funds Some plans may allow investments in company stock, US Series EE Savings Bonds, and others. The employee chooses how to invest the savings and is typically allowed to change where current savings are invested and/or where future contributions will go a specific number of times a year. This may be quarterly, bi-monthly, or some similar time period. The employee is also typically allowed to stop contributions at any time.